July

Israel- Foot and Mouth Disease- Immediate Notification
13 Jul 2009
Israeli Veterinary Services web-site -- Publications and Reports [edited][ProMed]
Report Summary.
Disease: Foot and mouth disease
Causal Agent: FMDV
Serotype: A
Clinical Signs: Yes
Reason: New strain of a listed disease
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 12 Jul 2009
Date of Start of Event: 01 Feb 2009
Date of report: 12 Jul 2009
Diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (basic), Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy
Number of reported outbreaks: 14
Related Stories
03 Aug 2009- Foot and Mouth Disease, resolved
OIE Weekly Disease Information Vol. 22 - No. 32 [edited][ProMed]

June

Israel- Foot & Mouth Disease
25 Jun 2009
Israel Veterinary Services & Animal Health website (accessed Sun, 5 Jul 2009) [edited][ProMed]
Immediate notification report (reference: FMD Yehuda & Shomron, Ref OIE: 8226)
Country: Israel
Disease: foot and mouth disease
Animal type: terrestrial
Causal Agent: FMDV
Serotype(s): pending
Clinical signs: yes
Reason: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 25 Jun 2009
Date of Start of Event: 14 Jun 2009
Date of report: 25 Jun 2009
Date submitted To OIE: 25 Jun 2009
Diagnosis: suspicion, clinical, laboratory (basic), laboratory (advanced), necropsy
Date of last occurrence: 21 May 2009
Number of reported outbreaks submitted: 1
Outbreak (this report - submitted): (Kefar Tappuah)
Province: Jehuda & Samaria
District: Tul-Karem
Unit type: village
Location: Kefar Tappuah
Start date: 14 Jun 2009
Species: goats
Measuring units: animals
Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
270 / 65 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected Population: the herd is a free grazing herd of goats containing 270 animals: 200 she-goats, 10 males, and 60 kids. About 60 she-goats and 5 males showed clinical symptoms. The young were not affected. The main clinical symptoms were vesicles in mouth and on feet.

April

Bahrein – Foot-and-Mouth disease
10 Apr 2009 [edited] [iFSN]
Defra, Global Animal Health (GAH) -- International Disease Monitoring Preliminary Outbreak Assessment Reference: VITT/1200 FMD Bahrain, 08 April 2009 [abridged and edited]
Given that the outbreak in Bahrain was reported to have been detected in cattle imported from Somalia with a vaccination certificate, this may suggest that the vaccine did not provide sufficient protection against this latest strain.
Map indicates that another strain of serotype A has been reported in Egypt recently, with high sequence, similarity to a strain isolated from Kenya in 2005 and Ethiopia in 2007. This strain was detected in Egypt for the 1st time in 2006.
These new outbreaks suggest the strain may be established in this region. The report from Bahrain adds to the growing evidence that 2 distinct strains of serotype A (as well as serotype O topotype ME-SA, which is endemic in Palestine, Lebanon and recently detected in Israel) are currently circulating in the eastern Mediterranean (IAH-WRL, 2009).
The most current disease reports suggest that disease spread around the region may be due to live animal movements as well as animal products.
Current vaccines may not be as effective when new strains of existing FMD serotypes emerge, and this, along with live animal movements, could potentially result in wider spread of the disease in the region. Controlling disease becomes even more challenging when more than one strain within a particular serotype are in circulation at the same time. The UK and EU do not allow legal trade in FMD susceptible live animals or fresh meat from this region. The legal import of all other animal products is subject to official certification.
At this stage, we consider that there is an overall low risk of introducing FMD into the EU from the currently affected regions in the Middle East and northeastern Africa. This again emphasizes the need for vigilance and prompt reporting of suspected cases in the UK, appropriate enforcement at the border, maintaining appropriate level of biosecurity at all times and full compliance with swill feeding ban.

March

United Arab Emirates: imports from Egypt banned
16 Mar 2009
Gulf News, Emirates News Agency (WAM) report [edited] [Promed]
Imports of cloven-hoofed animals and all their products from Egypt to the UAE have been banned. The Minister of Environment, issued the decision based on reported cases of foot-and-mouth disease in Egypt. The Ministry of Environment and Water urged all UAE animal resources departments to coordinate to enforce the ban to prevent any spread of disease.

Kuwait - FMDV serotype A
10 Mar 2009
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright – Molecular Epidemiology Report Form [summ. FMD News, edited] [Promed]
Summary
Number of samples: 6
Date collected: 2009
Serotype: A
Species: cattle
Region sequenced: VP1
Topotype: Asia
Genotype/strain: Iran-05
Date sequence last updated: 24 Feb 2009
Most related reference strain: A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769) (95.77 percent identity).

Egypt - New Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Ash Sharqiyah
3 Mar 2009
OIE Immediate notification [summarised by FMD News, edited] [Promed]
Report type: Immediate notification,
Start date: 26 Jan 2009,
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease, Date of =20
Previous occurrence: March 2008
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease,
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus, Serotype: A,
Nature of diagnosis: Clinical, Laboratory (advanced),
This event pertains to the whole country.
Outbreak 1 - Menea Elkamh, ASH SHARQIYAH -
Start of outbreak: 26 Jan 2009
Affected Animals - Cattle - 200 Susceptible, 200 Cases, 0 Deaths, 0 Destroyed, & 0 Slaughtered.
Outbreak 2 - Abo Hamad, ASH SHARQIYAH -
Start of outbreak: 08 Feb 2009
Affected animals - Dairy Cattle - 1448 Susceptible, 40 Cases, 0 Deaths, 0 Destroyed, & 0 Slaughtered.

February

Palestinian territories - FMD control program
26 Feb 2009
Palestine News Network (PNN) [in Arabic, trans. & summ. FMD News, edited] [Promed]
The director of veterinary services in Jenin district, Dr. Ahmad Jaradat, has confirmed today [Thu 26 Feb 2009] the detection of FMD positive cases in a flock of sheep located in district of Jenin in the northern West Bank area close to the [Israeli] city of Afula. In addition he confirmed that 5000 vaccine doses would be distributed during the next few days to control the outbreak. Also, the Israeli Civil administration has decided to deliver 100,000 FMD vaccine doses to the Palestinian government to aid in controlling the current outbreak. Dr. Jaradat pointed out that the FMD vaccination had started in the autumn [2008] and has been continued during the winter [2008-09].

Lebanon - Foot and mouth disease
20 Feb 2009
OIE's Weekly Disease Information 2009; 22(09) [edited] [Promed]
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Start date: 19 Jan 2009
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 Jan 2009
Date submitted to OIE: 20 Feb 2009
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: May 2008
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Serotype: Pending
Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, clinical
This event pertains to the whole country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1: Kamed el louz, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 19 Jan 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (29 Jan 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 45 / 45 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: dairy cattle
Outbreak 2: Housh el harimi, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 19 Jan 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (29 Jan 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 17 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: Dairy cattle. The case was a dairy cow recently introduced which was not vaccinated. All the other cattle in the farm were vaccinated. No other case was recorded in the same farm.
Outbreak 3: Loucy, AL BIQA’
Date of start of the outbreak: 19 Jan 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (29 Jan 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals: Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 22 / 11 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: Dairy cattle
Outbreak 4: Delhmie, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 19 Jan 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (20 Jan 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 45 / 45 / 0 / 0 / 45
Affected population: unvaccinated dairy cattle. The clinical signs were severe for all animals. All were slaughtered because of their poor production potential.
Outbreak 5: Gaza - Farm 1, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 04 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (14 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 67 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: unvaccinated pregnant heifer newly introduced in a vaccinated herd.
Outbreak 6: Gaza - Farm 2, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 04 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (14 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 24 / 12 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: dairy cattle vaccinated 25 days before the outbreak.
Outbreak 7: Zahle, AL BIQA'
Date of start of the outbreak: 04 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (14 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 40 / 12 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: dairy cattle vaccinated one month before. Clinical signs were very mild.
Outbreak 8: Haraf Erda, ASH SHAMAL
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (19 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 50 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: unvaccinated heifers recently introduced in a vaccinated dairy herd.
Outbreak 9: Kfardlavous, ASH SHAMAL
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (19 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 60 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: unvaccinated heifers newly introduced in a vaccinated dairy herd.
Outbreak 10: Meriata, ASH SHAMAL
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: resolved (19 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 80 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: unvaccinated heifers newly introduced in a vaccinated dairy herd. Clinical signs were mild.
Outbreak 11: Kfar hebo, ASH SHAMAL
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 20 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: newly introduced unvaccinated cattle. All the other cattle in the farm were vaccinated.
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection:
- unknown or inconclusive
- introduction of new live animals
- illegal movement of animals
- fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)
Epidemiological comments:
In the framework of an official program of the Ministry of Agriculture, most of the dairy cattle in Lebanon were vaccinated, free of charge, in 2008, using a trivalent vaccine (O1, A 22, Asia 1) twice (in spring and autumn 2008).
Some cattle newly illegally introduced into Lebanon and not previously vaccinated or vaccinated using different serotypes showed clinical signs.
Some private veterinarians in Lebanon use also different serotypes in vaccination, which may be giving partial protection.
Samples taken from clinical cases shall be sent soon to the OIE Reference Laboratory of Pirbright for serotyping and matching test.
Control measures
Measures applied
- quarantine
- vaccination in response to the outbreak (s)
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
- treatment of affected animals (Symptomatic treatment in all mild cases. Only in one outbreak, where the clinical signs were severe, the owner decided to slaughter all the animals.)
Measures to be applied: no other measures
Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted

Israel – Foot-and-Mouth disease
15 Feb 2009
OIE/WAHID Weekly Disease Information Vol. 22 - No. 08, February 2009 [edited] [Promed]
Summary
Report type: Follow-up report No. 2
Start date: 1 Feb 2009
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 4 Feb 2009
Report date: 15 Feb 2009
Date submitted to OIE: 15 Feb 2009
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: February 2008
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (basic),
Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to the whole country.
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1: (Ilut) Ilut, Kineret, Hazafon
Date of start of the outbreak: 11 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: Resolved (12 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: Village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Goats / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0
Sheep / 26 / 3 / 0 / 26 / 0
Affected population:
Symptoms were detected in a herd of 10 ewes, 3 rams, 13 lambs and one goat (male). Four of them were affected with limping and vesicles on the feet. The entire herd has been destroyed and buried on spot.
Epidemiology:
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: Unknown or nonconclusive; Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)
Epidemiological comments:
A radius of 10 km around the farms has been put under movement control of animals. The status of vaccination of all the ruminants in this radius has been evaluated, and animals were revaccinated when necessary. The serotype was found to be O, which is the only serotype that could be found in the outbreaks which occurred in the last 20 years in Israel.
Control measures
Measures applied
- Quarantine
- Movement control inside the country
- Screening
- Vaccination in response to the outbreak (s)
- Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
- Modified stamping out - No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: No other measures

Foot and Mouth disease
8 Feb 2009
Irin (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) News [edited] [Promed]
A local official in Basra Province, 600 km south of Baghdad, said on 7 Feb 2008 that there has been an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the province. "As of 26 Jan 2009, our tests found that 1125 animals were infected with the disease in the entire province, while some cases started to appear in nearby provinces," the general director of the province's veterinary hospital, said. "But we do believe that the number of cases is higher than this; probably slightly more than 50 percent of the province's nearly 120,00 livestock have been affected because many cases in remote areas have gone unreported," he told IRIN.So far, the FMD outbreak has killed about 80 young (less than 6 months old) cattle, buffalos, goats and sheep, He said. He said that there are 5 types of the disease and that the available vaccine, which is given to livestock every 6 months, can treat only 2 of them. He added that infected animals are given antibiotics and pain-killers until the disease type is determined. He explained that most cattle owners, especially those who live in remote areas, have difficulties traveling to the city to report FMD cases, and his teams are unable to reach them as his hospital has only 2 old vehicles.
However, the general director of the Basra-based Veterinary Company, which is affiliated with the Agriculture Ministry, played down al-Hilfi's statements. "It is an endemic disease in Iraq, and it is normal; it is a disease like other diseases that hit animals. The Iraqi Agriculture Ministry is adopting a scientific plan to deal with it," he told IRIN without elaborating. He blamed the cattle owners for not sending their cattle for routine tests and vaccinations.

Israel – Foot-and-Mouth disease
4 Feb 2009
OIE Weekly Disease Information Vol. 22 - No. 06, 2009 [edited] [Promed] Information received on 4 Feb 2009 from Dr. Moshe Chaimovitz
Start date: 1 Feb 2009
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 4 Feb 2009
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: February 2008
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: Pending
Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (basic),
Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to the whole country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1 (Bet Halewi): Bet Halewi, Hasharon, Hamerkaz
Date of start of the outbreak: 1 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Cattle / 650 / 40 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: There are 2 adjacent herds, one of 380 calves and one of 270 heifers. The outbreak occurred in 40 calves. An epidemiological investigation is ongoing. The calves showed signs as salivation and fever.
Epidemiology;
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: A radius of 10 km around the farm has been put under movement control of animals. The status of vaccination of all the ruminants in this radius has been evaluated, and animals were re-vaccinated when necessary.
Control measures
Measures applied
- Quarantine
- Movement control inside the country
- Screening
- Vaccination in response to the outbreak(s)
- Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: No other measures

January

Saudi Arabia – Foot and Mouth disease (East)
Rasid.com [Arabic, trans. & summ. FMD News, edited] [Promed]
The director of animal resources affairs of the eastern province announced that a recent local FMD prevention campaign in AlQateef and AlGebeel counties resulted in the detection of 24 FMD cases showing early clinical signs of disease. He also declared that 2962 head of cattle were vaccinated since the beginning of the campaign early last week and confirmed that the FMD prevention campaign will continue for another month and until securing both counties. Additionally, he announced that 23,950 polyvalent (for cattle) and 10,800 monovalent (for small ruminants) FMD vaccine doses will be available free of charge.

Iraq - Activities to control FMD spread in southern Iraq
14 Jan 2009
IraqHurr.org [in Arabic, trans. & summ. FMD News, edited] [Promed]
The national veterinary service is investigating the reemergence of FMD outbreaks in Albasrah [Basra] Province, southern Iraq. This decision was made in response to an announcement from the local veterinary agency indicating an increase in the number of reported FMD outbreaks throughout the province. Additionally, the national veterinary service announced that sufficient vaccine doses are available in most veterinary hospitals across the country.




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